Five certainties

From Rigpa Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
The printable version is no longer supported and may have rendering errors. Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.

The five certainties (Skt. pañcaniyata; Tib. ངེས་པ་ལྔ་, ngepa nga, Wyl. nges pa lnga) or perfections (ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ལྔ་, pünsum tsokpa nga, phun sum tshogs pa lnga) are:

  1. the certain or perfect teacher,
  2. the certain or perfect teaching,
  3. the certain or perfect place,
  4. the certain or perfect disciples and
  5. the certain or perfect time.

Alternative Translations

  • Fivefold certainty (Richard Barron (Chökyi Nyima))
  • Five fully endowed circumstances (Christina Monson)

Further Reading