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The '''five perfections''' (Tib. ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ལྔ་; [[Wyl.]] ''phun sum tshogs pa lnga'') or '''[[five certainties]]''' (Tib. ངེས་པ་ལྔ། ; [[Wyl.]] ''nges pa lnga'') are: 
#the perfect teacher (Tib. སྟོན་པ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་)
#the perfect teaching (Tib. ཆོས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་) 
#the perfect place (Tib. གནས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་)
#the perfect disciples (Tib. འཁོར་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་)
#the perfect time (Tib. དུས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་)

According to the [[Shravakayana]], this refers to the [[Buddha Shakyamuni]] and the various moments and geographical locations in which he expounded the [[Dharma]] to his disciples. According to the [[Mahayana]], this refers to the [[sambhogakaya]] buddhas such as [[Vairochana]], expounding the teachings of the [[Mahayana|Great Vehicle]] in various [[buddha field]]s, in the eternal present beyond time, to a vast retinue of [[bodhisattva]]s residing on the tenth [[bhumi|ground]]. In the latter case the five perfections are also called the five certainties.<ref>Jikmé Lingpa’s ''Treasury of Precious Qualities'', page 413,Translated by the Padmakara Translation Group, published by Shambhala, ISBN 1-57062-598-0 </ref>

==References==
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==Alternative Translations==
*Five excellences (Padmakara Translation Group)

[[Category:Enumerations]]
[[Category:05-Five]]