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'''Two obscurations''' (Tib. [[སྒྲིབ་པ་]]གཉིས་, ''dribpa nyi''; [[Wyl.]] ''sgrib pa gnyis'') — [[Emotional obscurations|emotional]] and [[cognitive obscurations]].

*'''[[Emotional obscurations]]''' are defined according to their essence, cause and function.

In '''essence''', they are the opposite of the [[six paramitas]], as described in the ''[[Gyü Lama]]'':

:"Thoughts such as avarice and so on,<br>
:These are the emotional obscurations."<br>

Their '''cause''' is grasping at a personal ego, or the “self of the individual”. 

They '''function''' to prevent liberation from [[samsara]].

*'''[[Cognitive obscurations]]''' are also defined according to their essence, cause and function.

In '''essence''', they are thoughts that involve the three conceptual ‘spheres’ of subject, object and action. The ''[[Gyü Lama]]'' says:

:"Thoughts that involve the three spheres,<br>
:These are the cognitive obscurations."<br>

Their '''cause''' is grasping at phenomena as truly existent, or, in other words, the “self of phenomena”.

Their '''function''' is to prevent complete [[enlightenment]].

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