Four forces

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Four forces (wyl. dpung bzhi) - four essential components of the paramita of diligence, which are referred to in chapter seven of the Bodhicharyavatara:

  1. the force of aspiration or devoted interest (mos pa'i dpung)
  2. the force of steadfastness, or firmness (which here means self-confidence) (brtan pa'i dpung)
  3. the force of joyfulness (dga' ba'i dpung) and
  4. the force of moderation or taking a break (dor ba'i dpung).
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