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'''Four Tenet Systems''' - In the Indian Mahayana Buddhist monasteries, such as Nalanda, monks studied four systems of Buddhist tenets. These systems are:
'''Four Tenet Systems''' - In the Indian [[Mahayana]] Buddhist monasteries, such as [[Nalanda]], monks studied four systems of Buddhist tenets. These systems are:


#[[Vaibhashika]]
#[[Vaibhashika]]
Line 6: Line 6:
#[[Madhyamika]]
#[[Madhyamika]]


The Tibetans have followed this custom, but have made further subdivisions within these four systems. For example, within Madhyamaka, they have differentiated Svatantrika Madhyamaka from Prasangika Madhyamaka. Within Svatantrika Madhyamaka, the Gelug school has further classified Indian authors as Yogachara Svatantrika or Sautrantika Svatantrika. The various non-Gelug schools have subdivided Madhyamaka in yet other ways.
The Tibetans have followed this custom, but have made further subdivisions within these four systems. For example, within Madhyamaka, they have differentiated [[Svatantrika]] Madhyamaka from [[Prasangika]] Madhyamaka. Within Svatantrika Madhyamaka, the [[Gelug]] school has further classified Indian authors as Yogachara Svatantrika or Sautrantika Svatantrika. The various non-Gelug schools have subdivided Madhyamaka in yet other ways.


==Major Authors and Texts ==
==Major Authors and Texts ==
Line 18: Line 18:
::*[[Compendium of Logic]]
::*[[Compendium of Logic]]
:*[[Dharmakirti]] (7th Century)
:*[[Dharmakirti]] (7th Century)
::*[[Seven Treatises on Valid Cognition]] - a detailed commentary on the work of Dignaga
::*[[Seven Treatises on Valid Cognition]] a detailed commentary on the work of Dignaga


'''Chittamatra (or Yogacharya)'''
'''Chittamatra (or Yogachara)'''
:*[[Asanga]]  
:*[[Asanga]]  
::*[[Abhidharma-samuccaya]]
::*[[Abhidharma-samuccaya]]
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'''Two Divisions of Madhyamaka'''<hr>
'''Two Divisions of Madhyamaka'''<hr>
''Svatantrika-Madhyamaka'' is studied in general in the context of far-reaching discriminating awareness (phar-phyin, Skt. prajnaparamita, perfection of wisdom), as formulated by Maitreya.
''Svatantrika-Madhyamaka'' is studied in general in the context of far-reaching discriminating awareness ([[Wyl.]] ''phar-phyin'', Skt. [[prajnaparamita]], perfection of wisdom), as formulated by Maitreya.
:*[[Maitreya]]
:*[[Maitreya]]
::*[[Abhisamayalankara]]
::*[[Abhisamayalankara]]
Line 37: Line 37:


:*[[Chandrakirti]]
:*[[Chandrakirti]]
::*[[Madhyamakavatara]] - A supplement to Nagarjuna’s “Root Verses on the Middle Way”
::*[[Madhyamakavatara]] A supplement to Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamaka-karika
::*[[Prasannapada]] – A detailed commentary on Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamaka-karika
::*[[Prasannapada]] – A detailed commentary on Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamaka-karika
:*[[Aryadeva]]
:*[[Aryadeva]]
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::*[[Bodhicharyavatara]]
::*[[Bodhicharyavatara]]
:*[[Buddhapalita]]
:*[[Buddhapalita]]
::*[[Mulamadhyamaka-vrtti]] - a commentary to (Nagarjuna’s) “Root Stanzas on the Middle Way, Called Discriminating Awareness” (rTsa-ba shes-rab-gyi ‘grel-ba)
::*[[Mulamadhyamaka-vrtti-buddhapalita]] a commentary to Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamaka-karika


Other proponents of this tenet system are:
Other proponents of this tenet system are:
:*[[Patsap Nyima Drak]] (1055-1145) – translated Chandrakirti into Tibetan
:*[[Patsap Nyima Drak]] (1055-1145) – translated Chandrakirti into Tibetan
:*[[Tsongkhapa]] (1357-1419) – wrote a commentary on the Madhyamaka-avatara
:*[[Tsongkhapa]] (1357-1419) – wrote a commentary on the Madhyamakavatara




'''The Two Divisions of Svatantrika-Madhyamaka'''<hr>
'''The Two Divisions of Svatantrika-Madhyamaka'''<hr>
''Yogachara-Svatantrika'' is studied through the works of Shantarakshita and his disciples Kamalashila and Haribhadra.
''Yogachara-Svatantrika'' is studied through the works of Shantarakshita and his disciples, Kamalashila and Haribhadra.


:*[[Shantarakshita]]
:*[[Shantarakshita]]
Line 59: Line 59:
:*[[Kamalashila]]  
:*[[Kamalashila]]  
::*[[Stages of Meditation]]
::*[[Stages of Meditation]]
::*[[Illumination for the Middle Way]] (dBu-ma snang-ba, Skt. Madhyamaka-aloka)
::*[[Illumination for the Middle Way]] ([[Wyl.]] ''dBu-ma snang-ba'', Skt. Madhyamaka-aloka)
:*[[Haribhadra]]
:*[[Haribhadra]]
::*[[Sphutartha]] - a commentary to Maitreya’s “Ornament of Realizations”
::*[[Sphutartha]] a commentary to Maitreya’s “Ornament of Realizations”


Other proponents of this tenet system are:
Other proponents of this tenet system are:
Line 73: Line 73:
:*[[Bhavaviveka]]
:*[[Bhavaviveka]]
::*[[Madhyamaka-hrdaya]]
::*[[Madhyamaka-hrdaya]]
::*[[Tarkajvala]] (rTog-ge ‘bar-ba), Blaze of Reasoning; an autocommentary on Madhyamaka-hrdaya
::*[[Tarkajvala]] ([[Wyl.]] ''rTog-ge ‘bar-ba''), Blaze of Reasoning; an autocommentary on Madhyamaka-hrdaya


==External Links==
==External Links==

Revision as of 16:01, 23 May 2008

Four Tenet Systems - In the Indian Mahayana Buddhist monasteries, such as Nalanda, monks studied four systems of Buddhist tenets. These systems are:

  1. Vaibhashika
  2. Sautrantika
  3. Chittamatra
  4. Madhyamika

The Tibetans have followed this custom, but have made further subdivisions within these four systems. For example, within Madhyamaka, they have differentiated Svatantrika Madhyamaka from Prasangika Madhyamaka. Within Svatantrika Madhyamaka, the Gelug school has further classified Indian authors as Yogachara Svatantrika or Sautrantika Svatantrika. The various non-Gelug schools have subdivided Madhyamaka in yet other ways.

Major Authors and Texts

Vaibhashika

Sautrantika

Chittamatra (or Yogachara)

Madhyamaka


Two Divisions of Madhyamaka


Svatantrika-Madhyamaka is studied in general in the context of far-reaching discriminating awareness (Wyl. phar-phyin, Skt. prajnaparamita, perfection of wisdom), as formulated by Maitreya.

Prasangika-Madhyamaka is studied primarily through the works of Chandrakirti (Zla-ba grags-pa), Aryadeva (‘Phags-pa lha), Shantideva (Zhi-ba lha), and Buddhapalita (Sang-rgyas bskyangs).

  • Madhyamakavatara – A supplement to Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamaka-karika
  • Prasannapada – A detailed commentary on Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamaka-karika

Other proponents of this tenet system are:

  • Patsap Nyima Drak (1055-1145) – translated Chandrakirti into Tibetan
  • Tsongkhapa (1357-1419) – wrote a commentary on the Madhyamakavatara


The Two Divisions of Svatantrika-Madhyamaka


Yogachara-Svatantrika is studied through the works of Shantarakshita and his disciples, Kamalashila and Haribhadra.

  • Sphutartha – a commentary to Maitreya’s “Ornament of Realizations”

Other proponents of this tenet system are:

Sautrantika-Svatantrika

External Links