Four visualizations for mantra recitation

Four visualizations for mantra recitation (Wyl. dzab kyi gongpa shyi) are:

1. like the moon and a garland of stars
2. like the king’s emissaries
3. like a palanquin or whirling firebrand
4. like bees swarming around a broken hive

These can be related to the four stages of approach and accomplishment.