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'''Ratnakarashanti''' (Skt. ''Ratnākaraśānti''; Tib. [[རིན་ཆེན་འབྱུང་གནས་ཞི་བ་]], ''rinchen jungné shyiwa'', [[Wyl.]] ''rin chen 'byung gnas zhi ba'', or ''shan+ti pa'') (roughly 970 - possibly after 1042<ref>See Seton's entry in the ''Brill Encyclopedia''.</ref>) was a famous abbot at the great monastic university of [[Vikramashila]] in India who was active in the beginning of the 11th century. Under the name of '''Shantipa''' (Skt. ''Śāntipa''; Tib. ཤན་ཏི་པ་, ''shan ti pa''), he was also one of the [[eighty-four mahasiddhas]], the great realized masters of the [[Vajrayana]] teachings. He was a contemporary and a teacher of [[Atisha]] and [[Abhayakaragupta]].  
'''Ratnakarashanti''' (Skt. ''Ratnākaraśānti''; Tib. [[རིན་ཆེན་འབྱུང་གནས་ཞི་བ་]], ''rinchen jungné shyiwa'', [[Wyl.]] ''rin chen 'byung gnas zhi ba'', or Skt. ''Śāntipa''; Tib. ཤན་ཏི་པ་, ''shan+ti pa'') (roughly 970 - possibly after 1045<ref>See Seton's entry in the ''Brill Encyclopedia''.</ref>) was a famous gatekeeper of the Eastern direction and abbot at the great monastic university of [[Vikramashila]] in India who was active in the beginning of the 11th century. He was renowned as the 'Omniscient One of the Degenerate Age' (Skt. ''kali-kāla-sarvajña''). Under the name of '''Shantipa''', he was also one of the [[eighty-four mahasiddhas]], the great realized masters of the [[Vajrayana]] teachings.
 
He was a prolific writer and about forty of his works have been preserved in the Tibetan [[Tengyur]]. He wrote extensively both on Sutra and Tantra, which he interpreted consistently according to a particular [[False Aspectarians|Nirākāra Yogachara]] doctrine. Because of this, despite his tremendous importance and influence in India and Tibet, he has been vilified by sectarian Tibetan [[Madhyamika|Madhyamikas]], which subsequently diminished has influence in Tibet. He wrote several works on [[Prajnaparamita]] and the [[Hevajra Tantra]], and a commentary on the [[Guhyasamaja Tantra]]. He wrote two text which contain in their title ''Madhyamakalamkara'', where he argues against [[Chandrakirti]] and [[Shantarakshita]].
 
[[Taranatha]] mentions he studied with [[Naropa]]. He was a contemporary and a teacher of [[Atisha]] and [[Abhayakaragupta]]. Other students include [[Maitripa]], Shraddakaravarman (Skt. ''Śraddhākaravarman'') and [[Drokmi Lotsawa]].  


There is a famous story that when Ratnakarashanti passed away, Atisha, who was in Tibet at the time, knew that and was grief stricken, saying that now no one in India was able to distinguish anymore between the Buddhist and the non-Buddhist.  
There is a famous story that when Ratnakarashanti passed away, Atisha, who was in Tibet at the time, knew that and was grief stricken, saying that now no one in India was able to distinguish anymore between the Buddhist and the non-Buddhist.  
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==Notes==
==Notes==
<small><references/></small>
<small><references/></small>
==Further Reading==
*''Brill’s Encyclopedia of Buddhism'', Volume Two: Lives (Brill, 2018), Ratnākaraśānti.
*Lama Chimpa, Alaka Chattopadhyaya and Debiprasad Chatterji, ''Taranatha's History of Buddhism in India'', Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass, 1990, page 295 and pages 299-300.
*[[Abhayadatta]], ''Buddha's Lions: Lives of the Eighty-four Siddhas'', translated by James B. Robinson (Emeryville: Dharma Publishing, 1979), pages 60-64.


==External Links==
==External Links==

Revision as of 06:44, 27 March 2019

Ratnakarashanti (Skt. Ratnākaraśānti; Tib. རིན་ཆེན་འབྱུང་གནས་ཞི་བ་, rinchen jungné shyiwa, Wyl. rin chen 'byung gnas zhi ba, or Skt. Śāntipa; Tib. ཤན་ཏི་པ་, shan+ti pa) (roughly 970 - possibly after 1045[1]) was a famous gatekeeper of the Eastern direction and abbot at the great monastic university of Vikramashila in India who was active in the beginning of the 11th century. He was renowned as the 'Omniscient One of the Degenerate Age' (Skt. kali-kāla-sarvajña). Under the name of Shantipa, he was also one of the eighty-four mahasiddhas, the great realized masters of the Vajrayana teachings.

He was a prolific writer and about forty of his works have been preserved in the Tibetan Tengyur. He wrote extensively both on Sutra and Tantra, which he interpreted consistently according to a particular Nirākāra Yogachara doctrine. Because of this, despite his tremendous importance and influence in India and Tibet, he has been vilified by sectarian Tibetan Madhyamikas, which subsequently diminished has influence in Tibet. He wrote several works on Prajnaparamita and the Hevajra Tantra, and a commentary on the Guhyasamaja Tantra. He wrote two text which contain in their title Madhyamakalamkara, where he argues against Chandrakirti and Shantarakshita.

Taranatha mentions he studied with Naropa. He was a contemporary and a teacher of Atisha and Abhayakaragupta. Other students include Maitripa, Shraddakaravarman (Skt. Śraddhākaravarman) and Drokmi Lotsawa.

There is a famous story that when Ratnakarashanti passed away, Atisha, who was in Tibet at the time, knew that and was grief stricken, saying that now no one in India was able to distinguish anymore between the Buddhist and the non-Buddhist.

Notes

  1. See Seton's entry in the Brill Encyclopedia.

Further Reading

  • Brill’s Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Volume Two: Lives (Brill, 2018), Ratnākaraśānti.
  • Lama Chimpa, Alaka Chattopadhyaya and Debiprasad Chatterji, Taranatha's History of Buddhism in India, Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass, 1990, page 295 and pages 299-300.
  • Abhayadatta, Buddha's Lions: Lives of the Eighty-four Siddhas, translated by James B. Robinson (Emeryville: Dharma Publishing, 1979), pages 60-64.

External Links