Three sets of vows

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Ngari Panchen

The three sets of vows (Tib. dom sum; Wyl. sdom gsum) are:

  1. the vows of pratimoksha or of individual liberation (sotar gyi dompa);
  2. the bodhisattva vows (changchub sempé dompa);
  3. the samayas of the secret mantrayana (sang ngag kyi dompa).

An alternative list is:

  1. The vows of pratimoksha;
  2. the dhyana vows; and
  3. the vows of undefilement.

Major Texts

Further Reading

  • Geshe Sonam Rinchen, The Bodhisattva Vow, translated and edited by Ruth Sonam, Ithaca: Snow Lion, 2000
  • Jamgön Kongtrul Rinpoche, The Treasury of Knowledge, Book Five: Buddhist Ethics, Ithaca: Snow Lion, 2003
  • Lama Mipham's Commentary to Nagarjuna's Stanzas for a Novice Monk and Tsongkhapa's Essence of the Ocean of Vinaya, translated by Glen H. Mullin and Lobsang Rapgay, Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, 1978
  • Ngari Panchen, Perfect Conduct: The Absolute Certainty of the Three Vows with commentary by Dudjom Rinpoche, Boston: Wisdom, 1996
  • Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyaltsen, A Clear Differentiation of the Three Codes: Essential Distinctions among the Individual Liberation, Great Vehicle, and Tantric Systems, translated by Jared Rhoton, New York: SUNY, 2002
  • Tsongkhapa, Tantric Ethics: An Explanation of the Precepts for Buddhist Vajrayana Practice, translated by Gareth Sparham, Boston: Wisdom, 2005