Three types of investigation

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The three types of investigation (dpyad pa gsum) refer to the process of determining the validity of a scripture[1].

  1. the demonstration of what is evident (mngon gyur) is not invalidated by direct perception (mngon sum),
  2. the demonstration of what is hidden (lkog gyur) is not invalidated by inference (rjes dpag),
  3. the demonstration of what is extremely hidden (shin tu lkog gyur) is not contradicted (internally) by previous or later statements.[2]

from Mipham Rinpoche, Words to Delight My Teacher Manjughosha, 347.

References

  1. ↑ Translation from: Douglas S. Duckworth, Mipam on Buddha-Nature, The Ground of the Nyingma Tradition, p.221n55
  2. ↑ The third point is sometimes abbreviated as the criteria of scriptural authority. See Mipham Rinpoche: The Adornment of the Middle Way, p.393n115.

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