Tibetan Grammar - First case 'ming tsam' - just the name: Difference between revisions
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====Adjective/verb - adjective/verb==== | ====Adjective/verb - adjective/verb==== | ||
{{gfverb|དགའ་བ།|དགའ་བ།|དགའ་བ།||to be happy, glad|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | {{gfverb|དགའ་བ།|དགའ་བ།|དགའ་བ།||to be happy, glad|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | ||
{{gsample|དགའ་སྤྲོ་|happy joyful|happy}} | {{gsample|དགའ་སྤྲོ་|happy joyful|happy}} | ||
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===Nouns in a list - nominalized clauses in a list=== | ===Nouns in a list - nominalized clauses in a list=== | ||
< | {{gsample|སངས་རྒྱས་ཆོས་ཚོགས་ཁམས་དང་བྱང་ཆུབ་དང༌། ཡོན་ཏེན་སངས་རྒྱས་འཕྲིན་ལས་ཐ་མ་སྟེ།|Buddha Dharma assembly element enlightenment qualities enlightened activity final|The Buddha, Dharma, Sangha, element, enlightenment, qualities and finally enlightened activity}}<br> | ||
{{gsample5l|རྒྱུ་ནི་འབྱུང་བ་ཆེན་པོ་བཞི་སྟེ། སའི་ཁམས་ནི་སྲ་ཞིང་གཞི་འཛིན་པའི་ལས་བྱེད་པ། ཆུ་ཁམས་གཤེར་ཞིང་སྡུད་པ།|cause elements great four earth element solid and base to hold action do water element liquid and draw together|མེ་ཁམས་དྲོ་ཞིང་སྨིན་པ། རླུང་ཁམས་གཡོ་ཞིང་འཕེལ་བར་བྱེད་པའོ།།|fire element warmth and mature wind element move and increase do|Causal [forms] are the four great elements. The earth element is solid and is performing the function of support. The water element is liquid and cohesion. The fire element is warmth maturing. The wind element is moving and increasing.}} | |||
==Dependent on verb type== | |||
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Most verbs have their patient in ming tsam. | Most verbs have their patient in ming tsam. | ||
See: Verb Notes, 1.2.1 patient; Verbs, 2 introduction to classifications of verbs according to their grammar; Verb Notes, 1.2 patient / subject-object / valency: advantages and problems; | See: Verb Notes, 1.2.1 patient; Verbs, 2 introduction to classifications of verbs according to their grammar; Verb Notes, 1.2 patient / subject-object / valency: advantages and problems; | ||
Revision as of 03:14, 30 March 2011
WORK IN PROGRESS: the grammar articles are being edited for wiki publication. During editing, the content might be incomplete, out of sequence or even misleading.
| Articles on Tibetan Grammar |
| 1. Introduction |
| 2. Formation of the Tibetan Syllable |
| 3. Formation of the Tibetan Word |
| 4. First case: ming tsam |
| 5. agentive particle |
| 6. Connective Particle |
| 7. La don particles |
| 8. La don particles—Notes |
| 9. Originative case |
| 10. Verbs |
| 11. Verbs—Notes |
| 12. Syntactic particles |
by Stefan J. E.
First Case, མིང་ཙམ་, just the name
 |
This section contains Tibetan script. Without proper Tibetan rendering support configured, you may see other symbols instead of Tibetan script. |
Also called: nominative case, "no particle", accusative case, patient role particle "-Ø". This case does not add any particle to the word or changes it any way.
Independent of verb type
Topic
Enumeration, section heading, title
| དང་པོ། |
| first |
| firstly |
Proleptic
- Proleptic: anticipatory
| བྲམ་ཟེ་དབུལ་པོ་དེ་ནི་ཁྱིམ་བདག་གིས་དེ་ལ་བཟའ་དང་བགོ་བ་བྱིན། |
| Brahmin poor householder food cloths gave |
| (Regarding) that poor Brahmin, the householder gave food and cloth to that (one). The householder gave food and cloth to that poor Brahmin. |
Temporal nominative
- Temporal nominative can also be viewed as a very frequently omitted locative (la don) of time.
| དེར་བསྡད་དུས་ same as: དེར་བསྡད་དུས་སུ་ |
| there stayed time there stayed time la don |
| at the time of staying there |
| དེའི་ཚེ་ same as: དེའི་ཚེ་ན་ |
| that time that time la don |
| at that (point in) time |
In compound words
- Note: See also "Formation of the Tibetan Words - compounded nouns".
Adjective/verb - adjective/verb
| ||||||||||||
| དགའ་སྤྲོ་ |
| happy joyful |
| happy |
- from: དགའ་བ་ adjective, noun, verb:
joyful, happy; joy; to be happy, glad, pleased, to take joy in
| ||||||||||||
| སྤྲོ་བ་ |
| joyful |
| to be joyful, to enjoy |
| བོད་སྐད་ |
| Tibet language |
| Tibetan language |
Noun - adjective
| A noun-adjective combination becomes either just a noun with an adjective (see: " adjectives") or a new word. |
| གཏིང་ཟབ་ |
| bottom, depth deep |
| very deep; profound |
| རྒྱ་ཆེ་ |
| extent big |
| vast, extensive |
Apposition
| སངས་རྒྱས། ཀུན་མཁྱེན། རྐང་གཉིས་གཙོ་བོ། སྐུ་གསུམ་པ། མཁྱེན་ལྔ་པ། འགྲོ་བའི་བླ་མ། རྒྱལ་བ། བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས། |
| Buddha all knowing foot two main kaya three knowledge five being highest victorious Bhagavan |
| The Buddha, the Omniscient One, Chief of Humans (bipeds), Victorious One, [Possessor of] the Three Kayas, the One with the Five Knowledges, Lord of Beings, Victorious One, Bhagavan[...] |
Nouns in a list - nominalized clauses in a list
| སངས་རྒྱས་ཆོས་ཚོགས་ཁམས་དང་བྱང་ཆུབ་དང༌། ཡོན་ཏེན་སངས་རྒྱས་འཕྲིན་ལས་ཐ་མ་སྟེ། |
| Buddha Dharma assembly element enlightenment qualities enlightened activity final |
| The Buddha, Dharma, Sangha, element, enlightenment, qualities and finally enlightened activity |
| རྒྱུ་ནི་འབྱུང་བ་ཆེན་པོ་བཞི་སྟེ། སའི་ཁམས་ནི་སྲ་ཞིང་གཞི་འཛིན་པའི་ལས་བྱེད་པ། ཆུ་ཁམས་གཤེར་ཞིང་སྡུད་པ། |
| cause elements great four earth element solid and base to hold action do water element liquid and draw together |
| མེ་ཁམས་དྲོ་ཞིང་སྨིན་པ། རླུང་ཁམས་གཡོ་ཞིང་འཕེལ་བར་བྱེད་པའོ།། |
| fire element warmth and mature wind element move and increase do |
| Causal [forms] are the four great elements. The earth element is solid and is performing the function of support. The water element is liquid and cohesion. The fire element is warmth maturing. The wind element is moving and increasing. |
Dependent on verb type
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