Five tarka schools
The five tarka schools or the five sophist schools (Skt. tārkika; Tib. ཏརྐ་སྡེ་ལྔ་ or སྟོག་གེ་སྡེ་ལྔ་; Wyl. tarka sde lnga or rtog ge sde lnga) — a grouping of non-Buddhist schools. It is said that all the non-Buddhist views can be condensed into these five schools.
According to Longchenpa they are
- Samkhya (Skt. sāṃkhya; Tib. གྲངས་ཅན་པ་, Wyl. grangs can pa)
- Vaisheshika (Skt. Vaiśeṣika; Tib. བྱེ་བྲག་པ་, Wyl. bye brag pa)
- Mimamsaka (Skt. Mīmāṃsaka; Tib. དཔྱོད་པ་བ་, Wyl. dpyod pa ba)
- Jain (Skt. Jaina) or Nigrantha ('the naked ones') (Skt.; Tib. གཅེར་བུ་པ་, Wyl. gcer bu pa)
- Charvaka (Skt. Cārvāka; Tib. རྒྱང་འཕེན་པ, Wyl. rgyang 'phen pa) or Brihaspati (Skt. Bṛhaspati; Tib. ཕུར་བུ་པ་, Wyl. phur bu pa)