Question particle, differentiating and including particle, འབྱེད་སྡུད་: Difference between revisions

From Rigpa Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Created page with ''''WORK IN PROGRESS''': the grammar articles are being edited for wiki publication. During editing, the content might be incomplete, out of sequence or even misleading. {{Gramma…')
 
mNo edit summary
 
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 4: Line 4:


''by Stefan J. E.''
''by Stefan J. E.''
* Chapter overview: [[Tibetan Grammar - Syntactic particles]]


===Question particle, differentiating and including particle, འབྱེད་སྡུད་===
===Question particle, differentiating and including particle, འབྱེད་སྡུད་===
<!--
This particle after a clause can mark a question or mean "or" or "and".
This particle after a clause can mark a question or mean "or" or "and".


9.1 spelling
====Spelling====
 
{{grule|The final letter of the last word is duplicated and placed as an extra syllable with an added མ་.}}<br>
The final letter of the last word is duplicated and placed as an extra syllable with an added མ་.  
E.g., རྟག་གམ།, བྱུང་ངམ།, ཡོད་དམ།, ཡིན་ནམ།,   ཁྱབ་བམ།, སྒོམ་མམ།, ཕྱིར་རམ།, འབྲལ་ལམ།, བྱས་སམ།, གྱུརད་ཏམ།.
* E.g. {{gtib|རྟག་གམ།}}, {{gtib|བྱུང་ངམ།}}, {{gtib|ཡོད་དམ།}}, {{gtib|ཡིན་ནམ།}}, {{gtib|ཁྱབ་བམ།}}, {{gtib|སྒོམ་མམ།}}, {{gtib|ཕྱིར་རམ།}}, {{gtib|འབྲལ་ལམ།}}, {{gtib|བྱས་སམ།}}, {{gtib|གྱུརད་ཏམ།}}.
In the case of the final letter འ་ the མ་ is added to the འ་ of the word without a duplicated letter.
In the case of the final letter {{gtib|འ་}} the {{gtib|མ་}} is added to the {{gtib|འ་}} of the word without a duplicated letter.
E.g., འདའ་ and འམ་ becomes འདའམ།.
* E.g. {{gtib|འདའ་}} and {{gtib|འམ་}} becomes {{gtib|འདའམ།}}.
In the case of no postfix letter (མཐའ་མེད་)  an འམ་ is added to the word or added separately.
In the case of no postfix letter, {{gtib|མཐའ་མེད་}}, an {{gtib|འམ་}} is added to the word or added separately.
E.g., བྱ་ and  འམ་ becomes བྱའམ། or བྱ་འམ།.
* E.g. {{gtib|བྱ་}} and  {{gtib|འམ་}} becomes {{gtib|བྱའམ།}} or {{gtib|བྱ་འམ།}}.
Note: ནམ་ when coming before the verb can also be the temporal qualifier or interrogative "when" or "When?".
Note: {{gtib|ནམ་}} when coming before the verb can also be the temporal qualifier or interrogative "when" or "When?".
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9.2 question
 
  མི་  དེ་དགྲ་ཡིན་ནམ།
 
person that enemy is "?"
 
Is that person [an] enemy?
 
 
9.3 "or" or "and"
 
ཟག་བཅས་ཀྱི་ལས་དགེ་བའམ་མི་དགེ་བ་
 
defiled      karma  virtues    non-virtues
 
defiled karma, either virtues or non-virtues... , defiled karma, be it virtues or non-virtues...
 
བདེ་བའམ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལམ་བཏང་སྙོམས་སུ་མྱོང་བའི་ཚོར་བ་འབྱུང་སྟེ།


happiness  suffering              neutral        experience sensation arise


The sensation of the experience of well-being or the experience of suffering or a neutral experience will arise.
====Question====
{{gsample|མི་དེ་དགྲ་ཡིན་ནམ།|person that enemy is "?"|Is that person [an] enemy?}}




===="or" or "and"====
{{gsample|ཟག་བཅས་ཀྱི་ལས་དགེ་བའམ་མི་དགེ་བ་|defiled&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;karma&nbsp;&nbsp;virtues&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;non-virtues|defiled karma, either virtues or non-virtues,... defiled karma, be it virtues or non-virtues...}}<br>


{{gsample|བདེ་བའམ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལམ་བཏང་སྙོམས་སུ་མྱོང་བའི་ཚོར་བ་འབྱུང་སྟེ།|happiness&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;suffering&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;neutral&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;experience sensation arise|The sensation of the experience of well-being or the experience of suffering or a neutral experience will arise.}}


-->
'''<nowiki>[</nowiki>...<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''
=Endnotes=
<references/>


[[Category:Tibetan Grammar]][[Category:Syntactic Particles]]
[[Category:Tibetan Grammar]][[Category:Syntactic Particles]]

Latest revision as of 06:25, 25 April 2011

WORK IN PROGRESS: the grammar articles are being edited for wiki publication. During editing, the content might be incomplete, out of sequence or even misleading.

Articles on Tibetan Grammar
1. Introduction
2. Formation of the Tibetan Syllable
3. Formation of the Tibetan Word
4. First case: ming tsam
5. agentive particle
6. Connective Particle
7. La don particles
8. La don particles—Notes
9. Originative case
10. Verbs
11. Verbs—Notes
12. Syntactic particles

by Stefan J. E.

Question particle, differentiating and including particle, འབྱེད་སྡུད་

This particle after a clause can mark a question or mean "or" or "and".

Spelling

The final letter of the last word is duplicated and placed as an extra syllable with an added མ་.


  • E.g. རྟག་གམ།, བྱུང་ངམ།, ཡོད་དམ།, ཡིན་ནམ།, ཁྱབ་བམ།, སྒོམ་མམ།, ཕྱིར་རམ།, འབྲལ་ལམ།, བྱས་སམ།, གྱུརད་ཏམ།.

In the case of the final letter འ་ the མ་ is added to the འ་ of the word without a duplicated letter.

  • E.g. འདའ་ and འམ་ becomes འདའམ།.

In the case of no postfix letter, མཐའ་མེད་, an འམ་ is added to the word or added separately.

  • E.g. བྱ་ and འམ་ becomes བྱའམ། or བྱ་འམ།.

Note: ནམ་ when coming before the verb can also be the temporal qualifier or interrogative "when" or "When?".


Question

མི་དེ་དགྲ་ཡིན་ནམ།
person that enemy is "?"
Is that person [an] enemy?


"or" or "and"

ཟག་བཅས་ཀྱི་ལས་དགེ་བའམ་མི་དགེ་བ་
defiled      karma  virtues   non-virtues
defiled karma, either virtues or non-virtues,... defiled karma, be it virtues or non-virtues...


བདེ་བའམ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལམ་བཏང་སྙོམས་སུ་མྱོང་བའི་ཚོར་བ་འབྱུང་སྟེ།
happiness   suffering            neutral       experience sensation arise
The sensation of the experience of well-being or the experience of suffering or a neutral experience will arise.
Retrieved from "https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Question_particle,_differentiating_and_including_particle,_འབྱེད་སྡུད་&oldid=64456"